The Legend of Butch Cassidy
When you’re a
fugitive, with the best detective agency in the Americas on your trail, being
16 hundred miles from anywhere important is probably a good tactic.
It was 1901
when Butch Cassidy, the affable leader of the Wild Bunch gang, known for a
streak of railroad heists and bank robberies in the American West, took his
“winnings” to Argentina, a country that would cultivate a reputation for
concealing notorious refugees. Seeking a quieter life, Cassidy and his two
companions Henry Longbaugh (The Sundance Kid) and Etta Place (Sundance’s
girlfriend and possible wife) settled in the town of Cholila at the base of the
Andes known as the Pre-Corderrilla, near the Chilean border. There they bought
a homestead and 12,000 acres of land, determined to go straight and lay low.
The Pinkerton
Detective Agency, who had been after the gang in the United States, was not
directly involved in tracking Cassidy to South America. Pinkerton could not
close the deal to finance Butch’s capture. But by 1903 they knew his
whereabouts in South America, and there was a bounty of $10,000 on the heads of
the Wild Bunch.
The “family of
3” managed to scrape out a living with a few hundred cattle and a thousand
sheep, becoming well-respected in the Corderrilla. But two factors made a
peaceable life impossible. The first was the bounty. The second, of course, is
that trouble finds troublemakers and after five years as a citizen, Butch
reunited with some former “colleagues” who found their way to Cholila.
By 1905, the
re-minted Wild Bunch was at it again, taking their act to a bank in Santa Cruz
and two years later another bank in San Luis. With the increased scrutiny from
law enforcement, it was time to go. Etta returned to the States while Butch
sold the ranch and made for Bolivia with Sundance.
How the
legendary outlaws died is a mystery. Historians favor the murder-suicide theory
while the pair were trapped, surrounded by scores of soldiers, in Bolivia.
Other legends have them meeting their fate in Uruguay. The most intriguing
theory is that Butch faked his own death in Bolivia and simply went home to
Utah. A credible account by Cassidy’s sister places him in Circleville, Utah in
1925 and later dying in Washington State. Unfortunately, all attempts to find
his remains have failed.
The most
popularized fiction has the men dying in a Bolivian firefight, trapped in a
building and surrounded by the Bolivian Army. That’s the version told in the
1969 movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance
Kid. Tired, wounded, out of options, the men burst
from the structure to meet their fate in a blaze of glory. If you haven’t seen
the movie yet, it’s worth a watch. Ironically, however, the movie did not
include the gang’s time in Argentina.
As is the
nature of folk heroes, following his death, Cassidy could be found fraternizing
with Pancho Villa in Mexico, driving model Ts through the American West,
prospecting in Alaska, and touring San Francisco, probably with Elvis.
And the fate of
the land? Although occupied as recently as 25 years ago by a Chilean family,
today the Cassidy ranch is abandoned. Bruce Chatwin, in In Patagonia,
described his own hunt for the Cassidy ranch in 1974. “The countryside had not
changed much since the turn of the century. The cabins were in decay, but the
structures still stood.” Although there isn’t much left today, fans of the
movie would be enthralled by this site. That is certainly what drove me and
Cyndy to track down the ranch. I wasn’t easy …
Crossing the Chilean - Argentine
Border to Bariloche
The border
crossing from Puerto Montt to Bariloche is 8 hours, partly because it takes a
long time to get through two border crossings: one at Chile and another in
Argentina. I have never seen such a border crossing. Each one takes an hour, at
least. This turns out to be a more challenging passage than we originally
expected. Taking a rental car across the border into Argentina is prohibitively
expensive. Even “puddle jumper” service between the cities is absent. The least
bad option seems to be a bus.
These are some
pictures of the Argentine border with its towering mountains (and a flag),
desiccated forests and motorcycle enthusiasts who drive through Patagonia.
Mostly they come from Germany or France. We’re not sure why the forests were
destroyed. Possibly from a volcano eruption about 10 years earlier.
On Our Way to San Carlos de
Bariloche
San Carlos de
Bariloche, or Bariloche, is a city in Argentine Patagonia, located at the edge
of Nahuel Huapi National Park. Founded in 1902, it aimed to capitalize on the
region’s natural beauty, attracting European immigrants, particularly from
Germany and Switzerland, who influenced its distinctive Alpine-style
architecture. The expansion of the Argentine railway system helped make
Bariloche a popular tourist destination, especially for winter sports at Cerro
Catedral, which opened in the 1930s.
The city also
became notable during World War II, serving as a refuge for various expatriates,
some with controversial backgrounds. Today, Bariloche is famous for its
chocolate shops, vibrant food scene, and outdoor activities like hiking and
skiing. With a population of around 100,000, it blends its rich history with a
lively modern atmosphere, making it a captivating stop for those exploring
Patagonia.
The bus finally
got us to the charming tourist town of Bariloche. It sits along the glacial,
alpine lake Nahuel Huapi. It is immense and absolutely pristine. It reminded me
of Tahoe but prettier, deeper, bigger.
From there we
picked up our rental car to begin the search for the ranch in Cholila, 3.5
hours south. They had bought the property with the money they made robbing
banks in Montana and Utah. That was when The Union Pacific hired the Pinkerton
Detective Agency to bring them in dead or alive. The bounty was over $10,000
for the two bank robbers. More on that later.
Late in the
afternoon, we skirted the dusty road of Bariloche and headed South with Nahuel
Huapi on our right. The sun was descending as we drove and made the
Pre-cordillera mountains fierce and fiery. The sky felt like passion and love.
Very soon
afterward, it was dark. Nothing buy us, the winding road and the occasional 18
wheeler.
Arrival in Cholila
Cholila was
founded in the late 1800s, primarily as a settlement for settlers drawn to the
region’s fertile land. The town became a key location for agriculture and
livestock farming, which remain significant to its economy today. Throughout
the early 20th century, it developed a reputation as a rugged frontier town.
The surrounding area was once home to indigenous Mapuche communities, and
remnants of their history can still be found. Cholila's remote location
contributed to its slower development, allowing it to retain a more laid-back
atmosphere compared to other Argentine towns. This blend of history and natural
beauty continues to shape its identity today.
We arrived in
the town of Cholila in the dead of night.
Our GPS told us
to drive across 10 more miles of dirt roads to get to the place we’re staying -
La Pilarica. Mostly fisherman go there to
relax and fly fish the nearby river. Bill and Vivian run the place and were
there when we arrived close to midnight. Bill had hand built the hostel 19
years ago and he and his wife run it. They did quite a job!
Through bits of
Spanish and English Bill told me his family had come to the region early in the
20th century. His grandfather ran a mule team (160 mules) that hauled wool from
Cholila to Puerto Madryn on the Atlantic coast. Nasty work. Bill said, he was
known as the best mule team operator in southern Chile. And he probably knew
Butch. Everyone did, because everyone in the town loved him, Etta and Sundance
though they probably didn’t know who, precisely, they were, including the mayor
and sheriff. One hundred and twenty years later later the town hasn’t changed
much.
The Search for the Butch Cassidy
Ranch
After breakfast
provided by Bill and Vivian, we began searching for the outlaws. We passed some
local gauchos down the road, waved and then bounce onto Cholila. We knew to
look for the police because the ranch house is supposedly near by.
On the road
outside of town, we found Cholila’s one local policeman. He seemed terrified to
see me. I ask if he knew where Cassidy’s ranch was and he indicates up the road
to the right but I don’t understand a word of detail and he doesn’t understand
any of my English. “Donde esta casa de Butch Cassidy” is the best I can do. We
continue into the pampa. See the video for more.
On the search
we find a small ranch. I think maybe this is it. But it isn’t. A local, quite
toothless but very helpful, sits with me. I suggest a map and we work on that,
drawing pictures in the dirt. Then we head off again in a new direction. For
miles we bounce along until we hit a creek too deep to risk fording in our
little VW. As we prepare to head back, we run into some German tourists who
speak English. They give us specific directions. And we head back another way
much closer to the police station!! That’s me talking to them in their car.
Found Butch
Cassidy’s!!!
We made it! Signs
all around saying “Cassidy” confirm our hunch. The grounds are unattended, but
we are helped along by arrows pointing to the closed, but inviting gate. We
pass through to wander the remains.
The ranch
features several original structures, including a main house built from sturdy
timber and stone, reflecting practical construction. The house is simple,
unadorned, with a sturdy porch offering sweeping views of the surrounding
landscape, which is breathtaking. Inside, the layout is modest, with basic living
spaces that would have accommodated Cassidy and his gang. It is mostly walls
and spaces, however. Little remains besides the structures.
Other buildings
on the site include old barns and stables, used for livestock and storage. I
cannot tell which were for cattle and which were for horses. These buildings
are showing signs of age, the wood weathering and the metal rusting. The
remnants of corrals and fencing can still be seen, hinting at the ranch's
functional past. It is not much different, I imagine, than what Chatwin saw
nearly fifty years earlier.
Please watch
the video series to take a stroll of the grounds and enjoy the photos below.
Pretty nice for
1901. Here are some still interiors of the living room, kitchen and a bedroom
(I think).
Departing the
Ranch
Afterwards we find a bar nearby
that has a museum loaded with details about the ranch and the Hole in the Wall
Gang that Butch Cassidy ran.That’s where you see the color video of Butch
bottom right and Sundance bottom left. The other picture gives you a view of
the mountains from the ranch. Looks a lot like Montana where Cassidy grew up.
It’s easy to see why Butch would have liked it here.
I am catching
up on some notes about tracking down the ranch that Butch Cassidy, the Sundance
kid and Etta Place bought in Argentina after they were forced to leave the
United States when they robbed so many banks and trains that an elite private
posse was created to them down. They bought the ranch in 1901 and lived there
five and seven years give or take. They actually became real citizens in the
small town of Cholila, Argentina. They knew the mayor and became friends with a
former sheriff from Montana (possibly inspired by the sheriff they meet in the
movie). They lived a relatively quiet life - until some of the posse began to get
close. At the time there was a bounty on each of their heads of $10,000 which
was an enormously high price in those days. They sold the ranch, Etta Place
returned to the United States, and Butch and Harry (the Sundance kid) headed
north to Bolivia. Their time living in Argentina at the ranch isn’t mentioned
in the famous movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid but they did
eventually work in a mine in Bolivia and they may have robbed that mine, or
they finally went back and made a big bank robbery in Bolivia and that was win
the Banditos Yanquees were gunned down in that country. Or at least that’s what
most people think. But some say that both survived and Butch Cassidy’s sister
swears that her brother came back and visited her in Montana in the 1930s.
Of course, our inspiration for taking this side quest
into Cholila comes from the love of both history and western cinema that
naturally includes the 1969 Butch Cassidy film.
If you enjoy stories of outlaws, the wild west, gangs, and heists, it’s
probably your kind of movie too. Our contributor Drew Moniot (of Drew’s
Reviews) kindly agreed to review of the film for us. Read his review of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
and then go watch the movie again!
Lovers of
cinema, history and the wild west will also enjoy our Dispatches from Deadwood, South Dakota and Monument Valley, in particular (plus all of
those in between). We talk about gunfighters and movie magic. Please check
those out.


















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